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Computers RSS FeedsData Processing in the Early Cosmic Ray Experiments in Sydney - The cosmic ray air shower experiment set up at the University of Sydney in the late 1950s was one of the first complex experiments in Australia to utilize the power of an electronic computer to process and analyse the experimental data. The paper provides a brief overview of the design and construction of the equipment for the experiment and the use of the computer SILLIAC in the processing and analysis of the data. The central role of Chris Wallace in this latter aspect is given special attention. ...Feed Source: comjnl.oxfordjournals.org Three Kinds of Probabilistic Induction: Universal Distributions and Convergence Theorems -
We will describe three kinds of probabilistic induction problems, and give general solutions for each, with associated convergence theorems which show that they tend to give good probability estimates. The first kind extrapolates a sequence of strings and/or numbers. The second extrapolates an unordered set of strings and/or numbers. The third extrapolates an unordered set of ordered pairs of elements that may be strings and/or numbers. Given the first element of a new pair, to get a probability distribution on possible second elements of the pair. Each of the three kinds of problems is solved using an associated universal distribution. In each case a corresponding convergence theorem is given, showing that as sample size grows, the expected error in probability estimate decreases rapidly. The solutions given are very general and cover a great variety of induction problems. Time series prediction, grammar discovery (for both formal and natural languages), curve fitting, the identif... Wallace's Approach to Unsupervised Learning: The Snob Program -
We describe the Snob program for unsupervised learning as it has evolved from its beginning in the 1960s until its present form. Snob uses the minimum message length principle expounded in Wallace and Freeman (Wallace, C.S. and Freeman, P.R. (1987) Estimation and inference by Compact coding. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B, 49, 240–252.) and we indicate how Snob estimates class parameters using the approach of that paper. We will survey the evolution of Snob from these beginnings to the state that it has reached as described by Wallace and Dowe (Wallace, C.S. and Dowe, D.L. (2000) MMM mixture modelling of multi-state, Poisson, Von Mises Circular and Gaussian distributions. Stat. Comput., 10, 73–83.) We pay particular attention to the revision of Snob in the 1980s where definite assignment of things to classes was abandoned.
... Some Comments on C. S. Wallace's Random Number Generators -
We outline some of Chris Wallace's contributions to pseudo-random number generation. In particular, we consider his recent idea for generating normally distributed variates without relying on a source of uniform random numbers and compare it with more conventional methods for generating normal random numbers. Implementations of Wallace's idea can be very fast (approximately as fast as good uniform generators). We discuss the statistical quality of the output, and mention how certain pitfalls can be avoided.
... Multiplier Evolution: A Family of Multiplier VLSI Implementations -
This paper provides an overview of four floating point multiplier implementations spanning microprocessor designs from 1992 to the present. The algorithm of each multiplier is explored in detail, and key measures of area, delay and design complexity are compared. The approaches span from a simple linear array to a full tree-based network, each targeted at efficient very-large-scale integration implementation. The designs show a progression of implementation techniques encompassing a 20x increase in multiplier performance during this time period.
... Password-Capabilities and the Walnut Kernel -
The Walnut kernel is a capability-based operating system kernel that was developed in the Department of Computer Science at Monash University during the 1990s. This kernel is heir to many of the ideas that were implemented in the Password- Capability System. Focusing on the programmer's view, this paper describes the password-capability model and the features of the Walnut kernel and the design decisions taken in creating it. An ANSI compliant standard I/O library is used as an example of the expressive power of the system.
... DNA Profiles Link Dope to Its Source - 09 Jul 03
Forensic scientists in the U.S. are applying DNA fingerprinting methods to the cannabis plant. They say the technique, which is being used to create a database of DNA profiles of different marijuana plants, will help them to trace the source of any sample.
'It links everybody together: the user, the distributor, the grower,' says the database's creator, Heather Miller Coyle of the Connecticut State Forensic Science Laboratory in Meriden. 'That's the real intent of it, to show it's not just one guy with a little bag of marijuana, but it's a group of people.'
A method for spotting the tiniest traces of marijuana, based on detecting DNA unique to cannabis chloroplasts, has already been developed in the UK (New Scientist print edition, 07 Aug 1999). B... Mathematics: Does the Proof Stack Up? - by George Szpiro
03 Jul 03
Just under five years ago, Thomas Hales made a startling claim. In an e-mail he sent to dozens of mathematicians, Hales declared that he had used a series of computers to prove an idea that has evaded certain confirmation for 400 years. The subject of his message was Kepler's conjecture, proposed by the German astronomer Johannes Kepler, which states that the densest arrangement of spheres is one in which they are stacked in a pyramid - much the same way as grocers arrange oranges.
Soon after Hales made his announcement, reports of the breakthrough appeared on the front pages of newspapers around the world. But today, Hales's proof remains in limbo. It has been submitted to the prestigious Annals of Mathematics, but... Scientists Discover Planetary System Similar to Our Own -
The image shows an impression by David A. Hardy of a possible scene from a moon orbiting the extra-solar planet in orbit around the star HD70642. Photo Credit: David A. Hardy.
... Hacker How-To Good Summer Reading - by Michelle Delio
27 Jun 03
Stealing the Network: How to Own the Boxby Ryan RussellSyngress, 330 pp., $49.95
Stealing The Network: How to Own the Box, a compendium of tales written by well-known hackers, is a perfect summer read. The stories are fictional. The technology and techniques described are very real.
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